GDFT uses hemodynamic measures to guide fluid, pressor, and ionotrope administration.
There is an expanding array of commercial monitors that can measure and/or calculate various hemodynamic parameters.
Examples include:
Edwards Lifesciences stroke volume variation,
Cheetah Medical BioReactance,
Lidco finger cuffs, and
Deltex esophageal doppler monitoring.
Like all monitors, limitations and failures are inherent in any monitoring system.
Nevertheless, monitors can help guide medical decisions but are never a substitute for sound clinical acumen.